Stanford University
October 25, 2011

	Leslie Cohen Berlowitz is President and holds the William T. Golden Chair at the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. She is former Vice President for Academic Advancement at New York University and has served on advisory boards of the National Endowment for the Humanities, the Corporation of Yaddo, the National Humanities Alliance, and the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation, among others. Her publications include America in Theory (with Denis Donoghue and Louis Menand, 1988); Greenwich Village: Culture and Counterculture (1990); Restoring Trust in American Business (with Jay W. Lorsch and Andy Zelleke, 2005); and “Reflecting on the Humanities,” Dædalus (with Patricia Meyer Spacks, 2009). Awarded an honorary Doctorate in Humane Letters by Northeastern University in May 2011, she was elected a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 2004. Video
	Scott D. Sagan is the Caroline S.G. Munro Professor of Political Science, a Senior Fellow at the Freeman Spogli Institute, and Codirector Emeritus of the Center for International Security and Cooperation at Stanford University. Before joining the Stanford faculty, he was a lecturer in the Department of Government at Harvard University and served as a Special Assistant to the Director of the Organization of the Joint Chiefs of Staff in the Pentagon. He has served as a consultant to the Office of the Secretary of Defense and at the Sandia and the Los Alamos National Laboratories. He is the author of Moving Targets: Nuclear Strategy and National Security (1989), The Limits of Safety: Organizations, Accidents, and Nuclear Weapons (1993), and The Spread of Nuclear Weapons: A Debate Renewed (with Kenneth N. Waltz, 2002). He is the editor of Planning the Unthinkable (with Peter R. Lavoy and James L. Wirtz, 2000), Inside Nuclear South Asia (2009), and the two-volume special issue of Dædalus “On the Global Nuclear Future” (with Steven E. Miller, 2009 and 2010). His most recent publications include “Shared Responsibilities for Nuclear Disarmament,” Dædalus (2009); “The Case for No-First Use,” Survival (2009); and “The Causes of Nuclear Weapons Proliferation,” The Annual Review of Political Science (2011). He also coedited a special issue of The Nonproliferation Review with Jane Vaynman on the international impact of the 2010 U.S. Nuclear Posture Review (2011). He was elected a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 2008 and serves as Codirector of the Academy’s Global Nuclear Future Initiative. Video
	PANEL DISCUSSION: Noramly bin Muslim is Professor Emeritus in the Department of Science and Technology at the National University of Malaysia and Visiting Professor at Universiti Tenaga Malaysia College of Engineering. He is the former Chairman of the Malaysian Atomic Energy Licensing Board. He served as the IAEA’s Deputy Director General and Head of the Department of Technical Assistance and Cooperation from 1986 to 1992. During that period, he was stationed in Vienna to coordinate the IAEA Technical Assistance Program. He has also served as the Head of the Malaysian Nuclear Research Centre and Head of the Defense Research Centre of Malaysia. He has held several appointments at the National University of Malaysia. He has an honorary Doctor of Philosophy (Science) from National University of Malaysia and another from Universiti Malaysia Sabah for his contributions to the community, the nation, academic development, and the development of science and technology in Malaysia. He was awarded an honorary D.Litt. from the University of Western Australia for his contributions to the furthering of internationalism. Video
	Jayantha Dhanapala is the President of the Pugwash Conferences on Science and World Affairs. He previously served as the Ambassador of Sri Lanka to the UN in Geneva from 1984 to 1987 and to the United States from 1995 to 1997. He was former UN Under-Secretary-General for Disarmament Affairs from 1998 to 2003. In 1995, he served as the President of the NPT Review and Extension Conference, in which the indefinite extension was successfully negotiated. He was appointed Head of the special team of diplomats assigned to inspect the presidential sites in Iraq for weapons of mass destruction. From 1987 to 1992, he was Director of the UN Institute of Disarmament Research. His recent appointments include Visiting Professor at Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, in Spring 2008; Visiting Scholar at St. John’s College, Cambridge University, UK, in Fall 2009; and Senior Visiting Scholar at the US Institute of Peace from March to June 2010. Video
	Olli Heinonen has been a Senior Fellow at the Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs at the Harvard Kennedy School since 2010. Previously he served at the International Atomic Energy Agency in Vienna for 27 years, the last five years as the Deputy Director General and Head of the IAEA’s Department of Safeguards. He led the Agency’s efforts to identify and dismantle nuclear proliferation networks, including the one led by Pakistani scientist A.Q. Khan, and he oversaw its efforts to monitor and contain Iran’s nuclear program. He led teams of international investigators to examine nuclear programs of concern around the world. He inspected nuclear facilities in South Africa, Iraq, North Korea, Syria, Libya, and elsewhere, seeking to ensure that nuclear materials were not diverted for military purposes. He also led the Agency’s efforts in recent years to implement an analytical culture to guide and complement traditional verification activities. Before joining the IAEA in 1983, he was a Senior Research Officer at the Technical Research Centre of Finland Reactor Laboratory, in charge of research and development related to nuclear waste solidification and disposal. He is co-author of several patents on radioactive waste solidification. Video
	Harald Müller is the Director of the Peace Research Institute Frankfurt, which he joined in 1976 as a research associate. From 1984 to 1986 he worked as a Senior Fellow for security studies at the Center for European Policy Studies in Brussels, Belgium. In 1999 he was appointed Professor of International Relations at Frankfurt University. He has been teaching regularly at Johns Hopkins University’s Center for International Relations, Bologna, Italy, since 1984. From 1994 to 2005, he was a member of the Advisory Council on Disarmament Matters of the UN Secretary General, and served as chairman of the Advisory Council in 2004. In 1999 to 2000 he served in the Defence Review Commission of the German Government. In 1995, 2000, 2005, and 2010 he participated as a member of the German Delegation in the Review Conferences of the Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty. His most recent monograph is “Building a New World Order: Sustainable Policies for the Future” (2009). He is a member of the Board of Directors of the Frankfurt University’s Cluster of Excellence called “The Formation of Normative Orders,” and since January 2011 is Vice President of the EU Consortium for Non-Proliferation. Video