Governance of Dual-Use Technologies: Theory and Practice
List of Acronyms
| ABET | Accreditation Board for Engineering and Technology |
| ACM | Association for Computer Machinery |
| AES | Advanced Encryption Standard |
| AG | Australia Group |
| ASM | American Society of Microbiology |
| ATCSA | Anti-Terrorism, Crime and Security Act |
| BMBL | Biosafety in Microbiological and Biomedical Laboratories |
| BRC | biological resource centers |
| BWC | Biological Weapons Convention |
| CAD | computer-aided design |
| CAM | computer-aided manufacturing |
| CBB | Center for Biosecurity and Biopreparedness |
| CBMs | confidence-building measures |
| CCL | Commerce Control List |
| CDC | Centers for Disease Control and Prevention |
| CETR | Centers of Excellence for Translational Research |
| CFAA | Computer Fraud and Abuse Act |
| COBRAT | Steering Committing on Biotechnological Research in an Age of Terrorism |
| CPPNM | Convention on the Physical Protection of Nuclear Material | CRG | Compliance Review Group | CTR | Nunn-Lugar Cooperative Threat Reduction | DDOS | distributed denial of service | DHS | Department of Homeland Security | DOD | Department of Defense | DU | dual-use | DURC | dual-use research of concern | EAA | Export Administration Act | EC | European Commission; European Council | ECPA | Electronic Communications Privacy Act | EPA | U.S. Environmental Protection Agency | EU | European Union | FBI | Federal Bureau of Investigations | FESAP | Federal Experts Security Advisory Panel | FTAC-SAR | Fast Track Action Committee on Select Agent Regulations | FY | fiscal year | GOF | gain of function | GGE | Group of Governmental Experts on Information, Telecommunications, and International Security | GMOs | genetically modified organisms | HEU | highly enriched uranium | HHS | Department of Health and Human Services | HPAI | highly pathogenic avian influenza | IAEA | International Atomic Energy Agency | IAP | InterAcademy Panel | IBC | institutional biosafety committees | ICSANT | International Convention for the Suppression of Acts of Nuclear Terrorism | ICT | information and communications technology | IRB | institutional review boards | IRE | institutional review entity | IT | information technology | ITAR | International Traffic in Arms Regulations | KNAW | Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences | LEU | low enriched uranium | LOAC | law of armed conflict | MERS | Middle East respiratory syndrome | NAS | National Academy of Sciences | NIH | National Institutes of Health | NIST | National Institute of Standards and Technology | NPT | Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons | NRC | Nuclear Regulatory Commission | NSABB | National Science Advisory Board for Biosecurity | OECD | Organisation for Economic Co-Operation and Development | PI | primary investigator | PSI | Proliferation Security Imitative | R&D | research and development | RAC | Recombinant DNA Advisory Committee | RCEs | Regional Centers of Excellence | RDT&E | research, development, test, and evaluation | SARS | severe acute respiratory syndrome | SERCEB | Southeast Regional Center of Excellence for Emerging Infections and Biodefense | UN | United Nations | UNSCR | UN Security Council Resolution | USCYBERCOM | United States Cyber Command | USDA | U.S. Department of Agriculture | USML | United States Munitions List | WHO | World Health Organization | WMD | weapons of mass destruction | WOOT | workshops on offensive technologies |